Almost immediately after winning control of China, the communists aided neighboring North Korea in the Korean War (1950-53), further earning the ire of the west.ġ958-62: The Great Leap Forward A photograph of Chinese farmers in 1958 during the Great Leap Forward reforms, which occurred in the late 1950s and early 1960s, via National Public Radio (NPR)Īfter the Korean War, China was still a largely agrarian nation. Many in the West refused to acknowledge the new regime and regarded Taiwan, which was the Republic of China (ROC), as the official state of China. On October 1, 1949, communist leader Mao Zedong proclaimed mainland China to be the People’s Republic of China. Despite Western military aid to prevent China from falling to communism, the Nationalists were defeated by the autumn of 1949 and fled to the island of Formosa, which is today the nation of Taiwan. The Communists were popular in the countryside, while the Nationalists controlled the official national government and all major cities.ĭue to corruption, the Nationalists quickly lost popularity with the public. After the end of World War II, however, the Chinese Civil War commenced after neither group could come to a power-sharing agreement. A rivalry quickly emerged between the Nationalists and the Communists in China, with brief alliances to combat mutual foes (warlords in the 1920s and the Japanese in the late 1930s) collapsing and warfare re-erupting. The Chinese Communist Party was founded in 1921, near the end of the Russian Civil War and the resulting creation of the Soviet Union. Setting the Stage: The Chinese Civil War A photograph of Mao Zedong, leader of the Chinese Communist Party, via National Public Radio (NPR)
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